Traditional date for the establishment of the Roman Republic after overthrowing the Roman Kingdom.
Start of a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage for control of the western Mediterranean.
Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River, igniting a civil war in Rome.
Julius Caesar is assassinated by senators on the Ides of March.
Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra in a decisive naval battle, leading to the rise of the Roman Empire.
Octavian (Augustus) becomes the first Roman Emperor, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
Romulus establishes the city of Rome, marking the beginning of Roman civilization.
Lucius Junius Brutus becomes one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic, initiating Rome's republican governance.
The Senones Gauls sack and burn Rome, causing significant devastation and prompting military and political reforms.
King Pyrrhus of Epirus invades southern Italy, challenging Roman dominance in the region.
Rome and Carthage engage in a protracted conflict over control of Sicily, initiating centuries of rivalry.
Hannibal Barca invades Italy, leading to major battles including Cannae, threatening Rome itself.
Scipio Africanus defeats Hannibal, ending the Second Punic War in Rome's favor.
Rome defeats the Macedonian kingdom, expanding its influence into Greece.
Rome faces a rebellion from its Italian allies demanding citizenship rights.
Julius Caesar forms the First Triumvirate and embarks on campaigns to consolidate power.
Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, initiating civil war against Pompey and Senate forces.
